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Punishment of Recividism
Kopačka, Adam ; Heranová, Simona (advisor) ; Mulák, Jiří (referee)
Punishment of Recividism Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the topic of criminal recidivism which is a global problem, the solution of which should be one of the goals of the state's criminal justice system and at the same time it is a measure of its success rate. The frequency of recidivism to some extent reflects the effectiveness of criminal sanctions, the effectiveness of their enforcement, but also social influences such as the demographic distribution of the population or social inequality. Recidivism is a problem that cannot be definitively solved but it is possible to approach the ideal of its punishment, and thus the effective fight against repeated offenses by recidivizing criminals. Recidivism can be viewed from the perspective of many scientific disciplines. This work aims to describe recidivism in the eyes of criminal law. It depicts the legal instruments that serve to punish recidivists more severely, the conditions of their application and their impact on the type and amount of punishment. Although the aim of the thesis is to map especially effective law, recidivism is also approached in its historical context as this aspect is key to understanding older case law. The domestic legislation is also partially compared with foreign legislation which can be a useful inspiration for...
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Criminological Aspects of recidivism
Fendrychová, Denisa ; Kopečný, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Galovcová, Ingrid (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the concept of recidivism, which is a term that could be described as an occurrence in which the offender commits another criminal offence after being convicted. In recent years the number of recidivism rates in Czech Republic reaches from 40 to 50% which is further evidence to the urgency of this current issue. The goal of this thesis is to examine what could be the conditions of increasing or lowering the probability of reoffending and to bring forward the possible means of prevention based on that. Firstly this thesis addresses the term of recidivism and several possibilities of looking at it, further follows the issue of how recidivism is translated into legislation and then it offers data about the frequency of recidivism in Czech Republic from publicly accessible statistics. The core part of the thesis then researches if it is possible with sentences alone to prevent reoffending and if there are other factors that could potentially contribute to this goal. It could be concluded from the researched literature and studies that sentences alone have very little possibility to reduce the chances of reoffending. The lowest probability of reoffending was repeatedly recorded with people who started offending at a very young age, without stable occupations, place to...
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Criminological Aspects of Crime Recidivism
Urbánková, Petra ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
Criminological Aspects of Crime Recidivism The Diploma Thesis Bc. Petra Urbánková Abstract The main goal of the Diploma Thesis "Criminological Aspects of Crime Recidivism" is analysing recidivism, which is considered to be one of the most important criminal factors. We can analyse recidivism based on the criminal law, penology, criminal statistics and mainly criminology. The Criminological aspect is the widest one, because it focuses on the all crimes committed by the offender, not only those crimes which were investigated by Police or the prosecutors. We will also theoretically describe all statistic sources where the recidivism has been recorded, but mainly we will analyse practically the statistical data of The Prison Service of the Czech Republic and the data of the Police of the Czech Republic where we could find out the actual rate of recidivism in the Czech Republic. The data of the Prison Service contain mainly the offenders which are imprisoned repeatedly for more than once. The data of Police are focused on type of crimes which have the highest rate of recidivism and whose are committed repeatedly by the offenders. This thesis also tries to analyse recidivism based on the historical development of the Czech legislation on recidivism starting since 1918 till nowadays. This thesis also tries to...
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Criminological aspects of crime recidivism
Lelková, Helena ; Hořák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
Criminological aspects of criminal recidivism The topic of this thesis are the criminological aspects of criminal recidivism and goal is to present a complete outline of some of the basic ideas related to the concept of criminal recidivism and to introduce the reader to its selected criminological aspects. This thesis is divided into four chapters. The introductory chapter is focused on the concept of criminal recidivism itself, and similarly defines the various concepts with emphasis on the legal aspects. The basis of this chapter is the effort to achieve a more detailed description of the various forms in the Penal Code of 1961 and also in modifying de lege lata. The second chapter deals with personality of recidivist offender from the perspective of selected typologies and two fundamental questions are considered, namely whether and how recidivist offender differs from non-recidivist offender and whether the offender is commonly distinguished from individuals who are respecting the law. Third chapter focuses on the concept of criminal careers with an emphasis on the personal typology of the offender in terms of the intensity of criminal behavior. Furthermore there are presented selected criminological theories influenced by the paradigm of a criminal career. In the final chapter of the thesis is...
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Possibilities of reduction of a risk of reoffending via probation activities
Nesvačilová, Iva ; Matoušková, Andrea (advisor) ; Pěnkava, Pavel (referee)
An Abstract The dissertation is devoted to criminal recidivism terms of probation officers who work daily with offenders, who were imposed an alternative punishment. The theoretical part is focused on explanation of restorative and retributive justice and probation and mediation service in the Czech Republic but also in England and Germany. Furthermore, the theoretical part includes a description of the factors that influence the criminal behavior of the offender with an emphasis on social - cultural factors. In the last part of the theoretical work is defined criminal recidivism itself, its basic layout, types, and also statistics of recidivism in the Czech Republic and penitentiary and post-penitentiary care. The practical part contains qualitative research made with the help of interviews with probation officers. The aim of the research part of the thesis is to find out what Probation and Mediation Service employees themselves think about the possibilities of reducing recidivism through probation work with criminals and also what is the probation employees opinion of the actual criminal recidivism.
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Elimination of the Risk of Recidivism of People Conditionally Released on Parole
VALÍČKOVÁ, Světlana
Abstract The thesis titled - The possibility of eliminating the risk of recurrence of persons conditionally released from prison (the prison sentence) can illuminate current topic of criminal recidivism at a time whenmore and more discussion about prison overcrowding and the improvement of efficiency and alternative sanctions is debated in society. The theoretical part is divided into four chapters, in which I try to clarify the key issues. I explain different terms, mention the statistical data, I describe possible relapse prevention tools e.g. treatment programs or alternative sanctions. I refer to innovation tools of the criminal policy, e.g. Electronic monitoring or Probation Homes. I mention subjects dealing with prevention of criminal recidivism. The empirical part describes the research and it is divided into two chapters. To achieve its objective, I chose the strategy of qualitative research, an interrogation method and semi - structured interview technique. The first part was realized on a research sample of nine clients conditionally released from prison with a supervision of the probation officer. The second part of the research was conducted on a sample of eight probation officers from the Probation and Mediation Service (PMS) in the South Bohemia. The main goal was to map the instruments used in the context of prevention of recurrence of persons conditionally released from prison by probation officers. Results showed that the list of instruments is extremely diverse. Analysis of self - assessment, professional interview and assistance of the other organizations e.g. Labor office, police, NGOs or debt counseling are the most preferred ones. The first sub - objective was to findopinions of probation officers on implementing new instruments helping to reduce recidivism and to reveal their possible advantages and disadvantages of them. Results showed that electronic monitoring as a new tool is welcomed by probation officersand they are believed to increase efficiency of the home imprisonment sentence. The most of respondents identified the implementing of Probation Homes as useful, particularly in the area of strengthening the social functioning of the client. The second sub - objective was to describe differences in risk of recurrence from the perspective of persons conditionally released from prison to probation officers. The research results showed that probation officers and their clients have different points of view on the matter. The officers said their clients were not able to see "yourself", they had no lack of self - reflection and the ability to learn from the crime they had committed. People released from prison are the most feared of drug addictionand gambling or job loss. This thesis is supposed to bring insight into reducing the risk of recurrence issue and recently introduced tools in this field. Furthermore, to point out the difference in the view and riskassessment of recurrence between probation officers and their clients.
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